Desde el punto de vista de un inversor en renta fija, 2019 fue mucho más emocionante de lo esperado. Hace un año asumíamos que la Fed ejecutaría otras dos subidas de tipos y que el BCE rebajaría unos cuantos puntos básicos su tipo de depósito negativo. Las cosas fueron bien distintas: El presidente de la Fed, Jerome Powell, redujo los tipos tres veces, y el BCE aflojó la política de forma significativa.
El cambio de rumbo de la Fed resultó ser explosivo en los mercados. La rebaja de la tensión política también pudo ser un factor, al dejar de empeorar la disputa comercial entre EE.UU. y China. Los resultados fueron claros: subidas en los mercados de bonos y acciones, impulsadas, más que nada, por una política monetaria relajada.
Pero tras este año dramático y sorprendente la pregunta es qué puede pasar en 2020. Después de tomar lo que podría considerarse un importante paso preventivo para evitar la debilidad económica, la Fed puede ser ahora más dependiente de los datos. Dada la evolución económica que esperamos, es probable que esto signifique que los tipos de interés permanecerán estáticos en EE.UU. y probablemente también en Europa, aunque no descartamos completamente movimientos al alza o a la baja.
Un aumento significativo de la inflación en EE.UU., que podría ser generado por aranceles (más altos) sobre las importaciones chinas, llevaría a un aumento de los tipos. Un recorte o recortes de los tipos podría seguir a otros signos de debilidad económica. Y los riesgos a la baja están ahí.
Los líderes corporativos están nerviosos. Si se detienen en las inversiones de capital y el ímpetu fiscal se desvanece -como es de esperar-, el crecimiento puede sufrir. Los comicios que se acercan no harán dudar a la Fed, ya ha actuado en años electorales en varias ocasiones en el pasado. Sin embargo, la propia campaña podría causar grandes fluctuaciones en el mercado.
En general, el entorno de bajos tipos de interés parece listo para continuar. Los bancos centrales probablemente continúen brindando apoyo a través de sus renovados programas de compras y no esperamos una recesión, ni una escalada en la disputa comercial entre EE.UU. y China, ni un Brexit duro. Tampoco esperamos que los rendimientos de los bonos gubernamentales vuelvan a sus mínimos de 2019. Cualquiera que desee generar retornos en 2020 debe estar preparado para asumir riesgos.
¿Qué puede significar esto concretamente para las distintas regiones y tipos de bonos? Esperamos poco de los bonos gubernamentales. En Europa y Japón, prevemos que los rendimientos totales se aproximen a cero; después de todo, ya no deberíamos esperar que los precios de los bonos suban como lo hicieron en 2019. Incluso los del Tesoro estadounidense solo parecen atractivos para los inversores en dólares.
Sin embargo, los mercados emergentes, donde creemos que el rendimiento total de los bonos gubernamentales podría superar el 5% en dólares, se están volviendo más interesantes. Se están beneficiando de los tipos de interés más bajos de EE.UU. y de la perspectiva de que el dólar no se fortalezca más. Además, sus bancos centrales todavía tienen margen de maniobra para apoyar las economías si es necesario.
Grado de inversión frente a high yield
Los bonos corporativos con grado de inversión de Europa y EE.UU. se han movido de manera similar: prácticamente nada. En high yield, sin embargo, ha habido algunos movimientos astutos a medida que los inversores se diferencian más.
Para los bonos corporativos, un crecimiento económico moderado y una baja inflación son beneficiosos: no hay alternativa a ellos dado que los rendimientos de los bonos gubernamentales son bajos o incluso negativos; y el miedo a perder oportunidades hace que los inversores sigan acudiendo a ellos con la esperanza de otro repunte de los bonos.
Ajustados al riesgo, actualmente consideramos que los bonos corporativos en euros con grado de inversión son particularmente atractivos. Además, vemos oportunidades en otros sub-segmentos, como en el high yield europeo, en Estados Unidos y en mercados emergentes. Los bonos europeos deberían ser respaldados por las compras del BCE, mientras que en EE.UU. las preocupaciones previas sobre la calidad de los balances no se han visto confirmadas.
En cualquier caso, no ha tenido un lugar el paso de los bonos BBB al segmento high yield. Lo que vemos desde el verano, sin embargo, es una ampliación de la brecha entre los bonos high yield con calificaciones más bajas (CCC) y aquellos con mejor rating. Esto se debe a la representación desproporcionada de los títulos energéticos en el high yield estadounidense y a que los bonos emitidos por empresas con modelos de negocio difíciles (por ejemplo, la venta minorista clásica) se están rechazando más que en el pasado. Esperamos que el diferencial entre los emisores aumente todavía más.
Somos conscientes de que nuestros pronósticos de rendimiento son poco emocionantes. Sin embargo, coinciden con nuestras perspectivas económicas y políticas para 2020. Sabemos que las elecciones presidenciales en EE.UU., el Brexit o incluso puntos calientes de la política como Irán o Hong Kong pueden hacer que nuestro escenario central no se produzca. Pero, como refleja el gráfico, históricamente, solo en épocas de política monetaria restrictiva o de una inflación en fuerte aumento, los bonos gubernamentales estadounidenses han registrado rendimientos negativos. Tampoco esperamos que eso suceda.
Tribuna de Joern Wasmund, jefe de renta fija en DWS
DWS and FundsSociety are not affiliated.
Forecasts are not a reliable indicator of future returns. Forecasts are based on assumptions, estimates, views and hypothetical models or analyses, which might prove inaccurate or incorrect.
Please note certain information in this presentation constitutes forward-looking statements. Due to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions made in our analysis, actual events or results or the actual performance of the markets covered by this presentation report may differ materially from those described. The information herein reflect our current views only, are subject to change, and are not intended to be promissory or relied upon by the reader. There can be no certainty that events will turn out as we have opined herein.
This information is subject to change at any time, based upon economic, market and other considerations and should not be construed as a recommendation. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. Forecasts are based on assumptions, estimates, opinions and hypothetical models that may prove to be incorrect. DWS does not intend to promote a particular outcome to the U.S. election due to take place in November 2020. Readers should, of course, vote in the election as they personally see fit.
For institutional investors only. Further distribution of this material is strictly prohibited.
For institutional investor use and registered representative use only. Not for public viewing or distribution.
Important risk information
Stocks may decline in value. Investing in foreign securities presents certain risks, such as currency fluctuations, political and economic changes, and market risks. Emerging markets tend to be more volatile and less liquid than the markets of more mature economies, and generally have less diverse and less mature economic structures and less stable political systems than those of developed countries. Investing in derivatives entails special risks relating to liquidity, leverage and credit that may reduce returns and/or increase volatility. Bond investments are subject to interest-rate, credit, liquidity and market risks to varying degrees. When interest rates rise, bond prices generally fall. Credit risk refers to the ability of an issuer to make timely payments of principal and interest. The fund invests in commodity-linked derivatives which may subject the fund to special risks. Market price movements or regulatory and economic changes will have a significant impact on the fund’s performance. There are special risks associated with an investment in real estate, including REITS. These risks include credit risk, interest rate fluctuations and the impact of varied economic conditions. Companies in the infrastructure, transportation, energy and utility industries may be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, high interest costs, energy prices, high degrees of leverage, environmental and other government regulations, the level of government spending on infrastructure projects, intense competition and other factors. Any fund that focuses in a particular segment of the market or region of the world will generally be more volatile than a fund that invests more broadly. See the prospectus for details.
The brand DWS represents DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA and any of its subsidiaries such as DWS Distributors, Inc. which offers investment products or Deutsche Investment Management Americas Inc. and RREEF America L.L.C. which offer advisory services.
Certain DWS investment products and services may not be available in every region or country for legal or other reasons, and information about these products or services is not directed to those investors residing or located in any such region or country.
The material was prepared without regard to the specific objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular person who may receive it. It is intended for informational purposes only and it is not intended that it be relied on to make any investment decision. It is for professional investors only. It does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation or an offer or solicitation and is not the basis for any contract to purchase or sell any security or other instrument, or for DWS and its affiliates to enter into or arrange any type of transaction as a consequence of any information contained herein.
Investments are subject to various risks, including market fluctuations, regulatory change, possible delays in repayment and loss of income and principal invested. The value of investments can fall as well as rise and may not recover the amount originally invested at any point in time. Furthermore, substantial fluctuations of the value of the investment are possible even over short periods of time.
DWS and its affiliates do not provide accounting, tax or legal advice and investors should consult their own advisors with respect to their particular circumstances.
For investors in Peru / Argentina / Chile: “Without limitation, this document does not constitute an offer, an invitation to offer or a recommendation to enter into any transaction neither does it constitute the offer of securities or funds. The offer of any services and/or securities or funds will be subject to appropriate local legislation and regulation.”
Additional disclaimer for Chile: This private offer commences on current date and it avails itself of the General Regulation No. 336 of the Superintendence of Securities and Insurances, currently the Financial Markets Commission. This offer relates to securities not registered with the Securities Registry or the Registry of Foreign Securities of the Commission for the Financial Markets Commission, and therefore such shares are not subject to oversight by the latter. Being unregistered securities, there is no obligation on the issuer to provide public information in Chile regarding such securities; and these securities may not be subject to a public offer until they are registered in the corresponding Securities Registry.
Additional disclaimer for Peru: The Products have not been registered before the Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV) and are being placed by means of a private offer. SMV has not reviewed the information provided to the investor.
This Prospectus is only for the exclusive use of institutional investors in Peru and is not for public distribution
For investors in Argentina: Without limitation, this document does not constitute an offer, an invitation to offer or a recommendation to enter into any transaction neither does it constitute the offer of securities or funds. The offer of any services and/or securities or funds will be subject to appropriate local legislation and regulation.
For investors in Mexico: The funds have not been and will not be registered with the National Registry of Securities, maintained by the Mexican National Banking Commission and, as a result, may not be offered or sold publicly in Mexico. The fund and any underwriter or purchaser may offer and sell the funds in Mexico, to institutional and Accredited Investors, on a private placement basis, pursuant to Article 8 of the Mexican Securities Market Law.
Without limitation, this document does not constitute an offer, an invitation to offer or a recommendation to enter into any transaction neither does it constitute the offer of securities or funds. The offer of any services and/or securities or funds will be subject to appropriate local legislation and regulation.
For investors in Panama: These securities have not been listed with the Superintendence of the Securities Market and neither has any offering, sale or transaction with them. The listing exemption has been made based on Article 83 (3) of Decree Law No. 1 of July 8, 1999 (Institutional Investors). Consequently the tax treatment established under Articles 269 to 271 of Law Decree 1, dated 8 July 1999, does not apply. These securities do not fall under the supervision of the Superintendence of the Securities Market.
For investors in Uruguay: The sale of the [Products] qualifies as a private placement pursuant to section 2 of Uruguayan law 18,627. The [Products] must not be offered or sold to the public in Uruguay, except in circumstances which do not constitute a public offering or distribution under Uruguayan laws and regulations. The [Products] are not and will not be registered with the Financial Services Superintendency of the Central Bank of Uruguay.
© 2020 DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA. All rights reserved. I-072742-1
